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从今年9月开始，托福写作中的独立写作被取消，取而代之的是一种托福写作新题型。时间从30分钟变为10分钟。包括检查问题的时间在内，实际写作时间可能只有8分钟多一点，这可以被视为减负。

分类
封闭型
对应之前独立写作中2选1和3选1的题型。比如在政府投资环境还是教育这个话题中，我们的话题态度只能选择投资环境或者投资教育。但是在discussion中，两位同学会大概率围绕两个不同的方面来分别讨论，这就意味着，我们的态度方向会和其中某一位同学的态度方向是相似的。在写作的时候，可以同意一个同学的态度并且给出新的展开方向，实在没有新的切入点就利用原来同学的点深入展开论证。
开放型
不会像封闭性话题的答案一样被限定在discussion两位同学的内容中，我们可以给到任何我们觉得合理且能够展开的答案。比如环境问题+对应的解决方案话题中，两位同学讨论了limited fresh water supply 和air pollution caused by vehicles，我们可以跳出两位同学讨论的内容选择其他的环境问题和解决方案，比如global warming, deforestation等等。

下面我们针对托福写作新题型“直给型”和“让步型”的2种结构进行展开。建议大家优先选择“直给型”。

直给型
1、中心句

中心句由立场和理由2部分组成。I agree with Kelly's viewpoint that/I believe that ... since ...如果新的支持理由要是实在想不出来，可以参考一下“观点”：方便，效率，经济，耐久，安全，环保，关系，经验，乐趣，成就，情感，健康……

2、解释

不能省略，必须要写，而且要求解释的逻辑链完整，不能跳跃，不能出现逻辑鸿沟。

3、举例

For example, ...不能省略，因为从评分标准来看: 5 sufficient; 4 appropriate ; 3 有例子; 2 有例子; 1; 无例子。

4、总结

Therefore, 把例子再重新拉回来扣上题。

第3步的举例是较让人头疼的，Cornnie不是很建议同学们写反例，较推荐的是像小学生那样讲一个故事（真实的或者杜撰的都可以）。实际上，80%的时候都是第1种。但是一定要注意有细节喔，时间、地点、任务、事件起因、发展。

下面我来做个示范。

Topic Sentence: It is beneficial for students to attend more classes and hence acquire more knowledge.

Example (×): Take history class as an example. By studying 11 months a year at school, students will have more time studying with the teacher who conveys knowledge and assigns homework. The more history classes students take, the more knowledge they get, such as historical events and figures.

Example (?): Take the study of Industrial Revolution in history class as an example. It has taken weeks for our teacher to introduce the historical background, the main process and huge influences on the whole worlds, especially how the invention of steam engine had promoted the development of iron industry by providing more fuels.

有的学生心里倒也是知道要加细节，但是不知道怎么样具体化。那Cornnie的tips就是，不要去重复前文用过的单词了，要尽量把这些词化成表现形式。也就是说，要顺着前面的解释句添加细节，把抽象的信息变成具体的细节。下面Cornnie来做一个解释句+举例的示范，让大家更好的看到两者之间的联系。

Topic Sentence: 不是每一个学生都应该学科学，因为这样会给部分学生带来负担。

Explanation: Since university students, especially those ones who are not majored in science-related fields, have already been preoccupied with their assignments (from their major courses), adding more science courses to their schedule is likely to make them more frustrated.

Example: As a freshman majored in Jewelry Design in college. I had to deal with a great number of assignments, such as my class presentation, a graphic design, and a term paper. Therefore, if our school had still forced me to take science classes like physics and biology, I would have been overwhelmed by more assignments coming with those courses, which would probably have interfered with my daily study schedule for my Jewelry Design. 

第二种实用的举例子方式是采用对比类的例子，这种方式还可能涉及到时态的混合， 是一种对自己语言水平的炫耀，加分！下面Cornnie做一个示范。

Topic Sentence: Technology has made long-distance communication better.

Example (×): For instance, I live many hundreds of miles away from my parents, but I talk to them by video chat every month.

Example (?): Twenty years ago, before we had video chat technology, I wouldn't have been able to see my parents'faces so often. That change in technology has allowed me to communicate with people I love even though I'm very far away. 

有的学生还会引用数据According to the statistics provided by ... 或者是用名人名言，但是这需要一定的积累，能不能用出来只能随缘。另一些学生会常用analytic example，这就比较抽象一点，更考验大家的功力，不过也是ok的方式。下面Cornnie做一个示范。

Topic Sentence: Another important reason to protect endangered animals is that the delicate ecological balance of an area might be irreparably harmed by their extinction.

Exemplification: For example, if humans chop down forests and use the land to grow corn, they might simultaneously destroy the habitats of a kind of bird that eats locusts. The next yearbecause the locust population can grow unchecked, locusts might destroy the entire nearby corn crop. Not only do the birds lose their homes, but humans are also harmed. The ecological balance of many natural habitats is still not well understood and humans interfere in it at their peril.

除了以上聊到的“直给型”，在实在字数要不够的时候可以使用“让步型”。也就是在自己的观点写完之后或者之前加上对于别的同学的观点的反驳。Admittedly, Paul is right when... After all, ... Nevertheless, I think ....

好啦，相信聪明的你们已经学会了，跃跃欲试了吧！Cornnie建议大家可以登录ETS官方的AI测评系统（可能需要）进行模拟考试。以上就是今天的分享了。