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作者：新航道教师-赵红捷

问“句子简化题怎么做“？

”翻译！“——来自”绕远掉坑解题派“学生的回答

“找逻辑和主干，不用太看修饰“——来自“考点思路解题派”学生的回答

但老师说，有时关键的解题点就在修饰成分，你敢信吗？请看来自《托福真经6》的一篇文章，同样是近期托福阅读命中的一篇文章。

真经6-2-2-Q1

Mass extinctions remind us forcefully that evolution is not a steady approach to an ever-higher perfection but an unpredictable process in which the best-adapted organisms may be suddenly exterminated by a catastrophe and their place taken by lineages that prior to the catastrophe seemed to be without distinction or prospects.

1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Evolution is an unpredictable process because in mass extinctions highly-evolved organisms are exterminated.

B. Evolution does not progress steadily to ever-higher levels of perfection because, as shown by mass extinctions, lineages favored by evolution can be suddenly replaced by those not favored previously when circumstances change,

C. Catastrophes remind us that evolution is a process in which the best-adapted organisms are exterminated and their place taken by lineages shown to be poorly adapted.

D. When mass extinctions exterminated the best-adapted organisms, less important lineages suddenly become better adapted and take their place.

学生问题：

学生认为原文是“主干+定语从句修饰“，有强烈冲动预判修饰不太重要，甚至不看修饰，但发现对不上选项，于是又回到翻译派做题法，可仍觉得选项中的because在原文没有提及。

解题步骤：

    1. 明确原文框架“主体观点+定语修饰“，唤醒脑海中”这里的定语从句很重要“的想法。这是因为一种常见的因果逻辑是”主体观点+细节阐述“，这里的细节为原因。

2. 这种逻辑甚就好比这句话：

2020是难忘的一年，在这一年中 (in which)，我们见证了太多历史性。

= 2020是难忘的一年，因为（because）我们见证了太多历史性

3. 总结，当定语从句的关系词在从句中状语（in which），可能是原因状语，表原因。这时的定语从句可绝不简单，不容小觑。

同学们你们学会了吗？这类穿着“修饰外衣“的核心重要信息可不能忽视哦。

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