C10-T3-R3

1. 题干：A 3,000-year-oldburial ground of a seafaring people called the Lapita

has been found on an abandoned 27on the Pacific

island of Efate.（C10-T3-R3 T27）

原文：An agricultural worker, digging in the grounds of a derelict plantation,

scraped open a grave-the first dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years

old.

同义替换：

3,000-year-old --- 3,000 years old

Burial ground --- a burial ground

Abandoned --- derelict

 

2. 题干：The cemetery, which is a significant 28, was uncovered

accidentally by an agricultural worker.（C10-T3-R3 T28）

原文：An important archaeological discovery on the island of Efate in the

Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu has revealed traces of an ancient seafaring

people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians. The site came to light

only by chance. An agricultural worker, ……

同义替换：

Significant --- important

Uncovered --- revealed

Accidentally --- by chance

An agricultural worker --- an agricultural worker

 

3. 题干：They took many things with them on their voyages including29

and tools.（C10-T3-R3 T29）

原文：They were also pioneers who carried with them everything they would

need to build new lives-their livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.

同义替换：

Took --- carried

Many things --- everything

Tools --- stone tools

 

3. 题干：Spriggs believes the 30which wasfound at the site is

very important since it confirms that the 31found inside

are Lapita.（C10-T3-R3 T30）

原文： Other items included a Lapita burial urn with modelled birds

arranged on the rim as though peering down at the human remains sealed

inside. ‘It's an important discovery’, says Matthew Spriggs,……

同义替换：

Spriggs --- Spriggs

Found --- discovery

Was --- a

 

5. 题干：Spriggs believes the 30which was found at the site is

very important since it confirms that the 31found inside

are Lapita.（C10-T3-R3 T31）

原文： ‘It's an important discovery’, says Matthew Spriggs, professor of

archaeology at the Australian National University and head of the

international team digging up the site, ‘for it conclusively identifies the

remains as Lapita.’

同义替换：

Spriggs --- Spriggs

Was found --- digging up

At the site --- the site

Confirms --- identifies

 

6. 题干：According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how the

Lapita accomplished their journeys because little information relating to his

period can be relied upon for accuracy.（C10-T3-R3 T32）

原文：No-one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could

reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions

of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they turn into myths long before

they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.

同义替换：

Explaining --- found / reveal / offer any insights

How…accomplished their journeys --- how the canoes were sailed

Because --- for

Little information --- turn into myths

Period --- time

 

7. 题干：According to the sixth paragraph, what was extraordinary about the

Lapita? They sailed beyond the point where land was visible.

（C10-T3-R3 T33）

原文：The real adventure didn’t begin, however, until their Lapita

descendants sailed out of sight of land, with empty horizons on every side.

…… Certainly it distinguished them from their ancestors, ……

同义替换：

Extraordinary --- distinguished them from

Beyond the point where land was visible --- out of sight of land

 

8. 题干：What does ‘This’ refer to in the seventh paragraph? the Lapita’s

belief they would be able to return home.（C10-T3-R3 T34）

原文：They could sail out for days into the unknown and assess the area,

secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn

about and catch a swift ride back on the trade winds. This is what would

have made the whole thing work.’.

同义替换：

This --- This

Belief --- secure in the knowledge

Be able to --- could

Return home --- ride back

 

9. 题干：According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the

region significant? It provided a navigational aid for the Lapita.（C10-T3-R3

T35）

原文：For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own

archipelagos would have provided a safety net.

同义替换：

Geography --- geography

Provided --- provided

A navigational aid --- a safety net

 

10.题干：It is now clear that the Lapita could sail into a prevailing wind.

（C10-T3-R3 T36）

原文：……：the Lapita had mastered the advanced art of sailing against the

wind. ‘And there’s no proof they could do any such thing,’Anderson says.

同义替换：

Clear --- no proof

Could --- mastered the advanced art / could

Artificial objects --- technical objects

Sail --- sailing / do

Into a prevailing wind --- against the wind /any such thing

 

11.题干：Extreme climate conditions may have played a role in Lapita

migration. （C10-T3-R3 T37）

原文：El Nino, the same climate disruption that affects the Pacific today,

may have helped scatter the Lapita, Anderson suggests. He points out that

climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific indicate

a series of unusually frequent El Niño’s around the time of the Lapita

expansion.

同义替换：

Extreme climate conditions --- El Nino / climate disruption / El Niño’s

Played a role --- affects / indicate

Lapitamigration --- scatter the Lapita / Lapita expansion

 

    12. 题干：The Lapita learnt to predict the duration of El Ninos.（C10-T3-R3-T38）

原文：By reversing the regular east-to-west flow of the trade windsfor

weeks at a time, these ‘super El Niño’s’ might have taken the Lapita on

long unplanned voyages.

同义替换：

Learnt to predict --- reversing……forweeks at a time

Duration --- regular east-to-west flow of the trade winds

El Ninos --- super El Niño’s

 

13.题干：It remains unclear why the Lapita halted their expansion across the

Pacific.（C10-T3-R3 T39）

原文：However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way

across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them.

同义替换：

Remains unclear --- known only to them

Why --- reasons

Halted --- quits

Across the Pacific --- across the Pacific

 

14.题干：It is likely that the majority of Lapita settled on Fiji.（C10-T3-R3 T39）

原文：They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total,

and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of

islands-more than 300 in Fiji alone.

Likely --- probably

Fiji --- Fiji alone